Calluses
What are Calluses?
Calluses are thickened and hardened areas of skin that develop in response to repeated friction, pressure, or irritation. They commonly form on the feet, particularly on the heels, balls of the feet, and sides of toes, but can also occur on the hands and other areas of the body.
Causes of Calluses
Friction and Pressure: Repeated rubbing or pressure on the skin, often due to ill-fitting shoes, high heels, or excessive walking.
Foot Deformities: Conditions like bunions or hammertoes that cause uneven pressure on certain areas of the feet.
Activity: Occupations or activities that involve significant use of the hands or feet, such as manual labour or sports.
Dry Skin: Dry skin is more prone to developing calluses, especially on the feet.

What Calluses look like
Thickened Skin: A noticeable thickening and hardening of the skin.
Rough Texture: The affected area feels rough to the touch.
Discoloration: Calluses can be yellowish or pale in colour.
Reduced Sensation: The area may have reduced sensitivity compared to the surrounding skin.
Pain or Discomfort: While calluses are generally painless, they can cause discomfort, especially if they become too thick or develop on weight-bearing areas.
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Podiatric Treatment of Calluses
Professional Assessment
A podiatrist will examine your feet to assess the severity and cause of the calluses. This may include checking your footwear, gait, and any underlying foot deformities.
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Debridement
Trimming: The podiatrist will use a scalpel to carefully trim away the thickened skin. This procedure is usually painless as the skin is dead.
Smoothing: After trimming, the skin may be smoothed with a pumice stone or file.
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Orthotic Devices
Custom Insoles: Orthotic insoles can be prescribed to redistribute pressure and prevent the formation of new calluses.
Padding: Protective padding or cushions can be used to relieve pressure on affected areas.
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Medication
Keratolytic Agents: Creams containing salicylic acid can help to soften and dissolve calluses.
Moisturizers: Regular use of thick moisturizers can keep the skin soft and prevent callus formation.
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Footwear Advice
Proper Fit: Wearing well-fitting shoes with adequate cushioning can reduce pressure on the feet.
Avoid High Heels: Limiting the use of high heels can prevent excessive pressure on the balls of the feet.
Breathable Materials: Shoes made of breathable materials help to reduce moisture and friction.
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Lifestyle Modifications
Regular Foot Care: Routine foot care, including regular exfoliation and moisturizing, can help keep calluses at bay.
Activity Changes: Modifying activities that cause excessive friction or pressure can prevent callus formation.
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